Geneva Call

Article

Redefining the Child Soldier: Beyond the Battlefield to Systemic Exploitation

Modern human rights law redefines child soldier recruitment beyond front-line combat, recognizing that recruitment, ideological training, and auxiliary roles within…

Interview

When Casualty Lists Reveal Names

When casualty lists reveal underage victims in military camps, human rights obligations take center stage. Human rights expert Dr. Rozhin…

Article

Accountability Instead of Slogans: Questions the PJAK Spokesperson Cannot Evade

An analytical assessment of the international legal responsibilities binding non-state Kurdish armed groups, challenging the recent denials made by PJAK's…

Report

The 2012 Geneva Signing: A Document Ending Child Soldiering or the Beginning of an Implementation Gap?

The text evaluates the 2012 Geneva Call Deed of Commitment signed by the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI) to…

Interview

From the Geneva Signing to Field Verification

In an interview with the Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch, international humanitarian law researcher Dr. Rozhin Sarmadi examines the legal…

Article

Legal Analysis of the “Geneva Call” Deed of Commitment and Its Execution Challenges; Case Study: Kurdistan Freedom Party (PAK)

A legal critique of the Geneva Call deed of commitment signed by the Kurdistan Freedom Party (PAK), evaluating the deep…

Interview

Geneva Call: Trading Legitimacy with Empty Signatures / Dissecting the “Legal Duality” in Kurdish Armed Groups

In an exclusive interview with international law researcher Dr. Rozhin Sarmadi, the Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch (IKHRW) critically deconstructs…

Interview

Child Soldiering and the Great Wall of Denial: A Critique of Rivar Abdanan’s Statements

This exclusive interview features international humanitarian law researcher Dr. Rozhin Sarmadi analyzing the contradictions in a recent interview by PJAK…

Article

PJAK, Children, and the Question of Accountability: A Look into the Contradictions of an Interview

This commentary analyzes the contradictions in a recent interview by PJAK spokesperson Rivar Abdanan regarding child recruitment. While claiming a…

Report

Stars That Did Not Reach the Mountains

This analytical and human rights report investigates the recruitment and retention tactics used by non-state armed groups along the Iran-Iraq…

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