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From Foreign Support to Military Intervention: The Legal Boundary Between Civil War and International Armed Conflict in Sudan

This legal analysis examines when foreign state assistance transforms a non-international armed conflict into an international one, using the ongoing…

When Non-State Armed Groups Enter the International Law Arena: Why Do the Laws of War Bind Them?

Jann K. Kleffner's legal analysis examines why non-state armed groups remain strictly bound by international humanitarian law during non-international armed…

Domestic Courts vs. War Crimes: Ukraine’s Experience and a New Path for International Criminal Justice

This analysis explores Mark Klamberg’s study on Ukraine’s domestic prosecution of war crimes, demonstrating how national courts can serve as…

Non-State Armed Groups vs. International Humanitarian Law: Why Civilian Protection Has Become the Central Challenge of Internal Conflicts

This legal analysis examines whether non-state armed groups are bound by International Humanitarian Law during internal conflicts, highlighting the fundamental…

Asylum Is Not Immunity from Accountability: The Legal Boundary Between Victims in Need of Protection and Human Rights Violators in International Law

International refugee law balances the obligation to protect victims of persecution with mechanisms that exclude perpetrators of serious crimes. Grounded…

Non-State Armed Groups and the Human Rights Accountability Gap: Why International Law Still Lacks a Complete Answer for Rebel-Controlled Areas

Non-state armed groups exercising territorial control pose a fundamental challenge to international law. While international humanitarian law regulates active combat…

State-Less Prisoners: When Non-State Armed Groups Become Responsible for Persons in Their Custody

This article examines the legal obligations of non-state armed groups detaining individuals during armed conflicts, drawing on framework principles published…

ICRC Engagement with Armed Groups in 2024

This article analyzes the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 2024 global report on non-state armed groups, detailing engagement…

Non-State Armed Groups in the Mirror of International Law: Legal Lessons from a Special Issue of the International Review of the Red Cross

This article examines the legal duties and accountability of non-state armed groups through the analysis of a special issue of…

Human Rights in Armed Conflict: Law, Practice, Policy

This article presents a translation of Ezequiel Heffes’ review of Gerd Oberleitner’s landmark book, Human Rights in Armed Conflict: Law,…

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