{"id":5435,"date":"2026-03-24T23:06:24","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T19:36:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/?p=5435"},"modified":"2026-03-24T23:06:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T19:36:24","slug":"attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-path-to-node=\"12\">According to local reports, on the morning of <b data-path-to-node=\"12\" data-index-in-node=\"46\">March 6, 2026<\/b>, at approximately 10:30 AM, an attack attributed to the United States and Israel targeted the city of <b data-path-to-node=\"12\" data-index-in-node=\"174\">Divandarreh<\/b>. At least three civilians lost their lives in the attack, and 28 others were injured.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\">The victims of this incident have been identified as <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"53\">Hamed Saidi<\/b> (a postal service employee), <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"94\">Fereydoun Amini<\/b> (a local shopkeeper), and <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"136\">Samira Sharifi<\/b> (a pedestrian present at the scene). Reports indicate that the casualties were entirely among the civilian population, raising serious questions regarding the observance of the fundamental rules of International Humanitarian Law (IHL).<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-5435 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222322.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222322-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222322-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222322-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222322-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222322.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222326.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222326-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222326-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222326-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222326-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222326.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222328.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222328-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222328-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222328-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222328-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/IMG_20260324_222328.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"14\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Analysis of International Humanitarian Law (IHL)<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"15\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Principle of Distinction<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">The Principle of Distinction is one of the most fundamental rules of IHL. According to <b data-path-to-node=\"16\" data-index-in-node=\"87\">Article 48 of the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions (1977)<\/b>, parties to an armed conflict must at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants, and between civilian objects and military objectives. Furthermore, <b data-path-to-node=\"16\" data-index-in-node=\"339\">Article 51(2)<\/b> of the same protocol prohibits any direct attack against civilians. Since the victims of this attack were civilians, such an action may be evaluated as a violation of this core principle.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"17\"><b data-path-to-node=\"17\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Principle of Proportionality<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"18\">Proportionality is another critical rule in the law of armed conflict. Based on <b data-path-to-node=\"18\" data-index-in-node=\"80\">Article 51(5)(b)<\/b> of Additional Protocol I, attacks that are expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life or injury which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated are prohibited. If the casualties were predictable and disproportionate to any potential military objective, this strike could be considered a violation of the Principle of Proportionality.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"19\"><b data-path-to-node=\"19\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Principle of Precaution<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"20\">Furthermore, <b data-path-to-node=\"20\" data-index-in-node=\"13\">Article 57<\/b> of Additional Protocol I emphasizes the <b data-path-to-node=\"20\" data-index-in-node=\"64\">Principle of Precaution in Attack<\/b>. Under this principle, parties to a conflict must take all feasible precautions to minimize harm to civilians, including verifying the nature of the target and choosing methods of attack that pose the least danger to non-combatants.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"21\"><b data-path-to-node=\"21\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Protection of Civilian Objects<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"22\">According to <b data-path-to-node=\"22\" data-index-in-node=\"13\">Article 52(1)<\/b> of the same protocol, civilian property and infrastructure must not be the object of attack unless they are making an effective contribution to military action. Targeting civilian facilities without such conditions constitutes a breach of this regulation.<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"23\"><b data-path-to-node=\"23\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">International Human Rights Law and Accountability<\/b><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24\">From an International Human Rights Law perspective, <b data-path-to-node=\"24\" data-index-in-node=\"52\">Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)<\/b> recognizes the inherent right to life of every human being. Consequently, attacks resulting in civilian deaths can entail the international responsibility of the involved states.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25\">Finally, if an attack is carried out intentionally against civilians or with manifest disregard for civilian casualties, such conduct may be investigated as a <b data-path-to-node=\"25\" data-index-in-node=\"159\">War Crime<\/b> under <b data-path-to-node=\"25\" data-index-in-node=\"175\">Article 8 of the Rome Statute<\/b> of the International Criminal Court (ICC); this includes intentional attacks against the civilian population or launching an attack in the knowledge that it will cause disproportionate civilian loss.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On March 6, 2026, an attack on Divandarreh resulted in the deaths of 3 civilians and 28 injuries. This report examines the incident through the lens of the Principle of Distinction, Proportionality, and Article 8 of the Rome Statute.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1857,1824,988,1813,1815,1856,1814],"class_list":["post-5435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-report","tag-article-6-iccpr","tag-civilian-protection","tag-divandarreh","tag-geneva-conventions","tag-international-humanitarian-law","tag-rome-statute","tag-war-crimes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law - Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Legal analysis of the attack on Divandarreh and civilian casualties. Examining violations of the Geneva Conventions, ICCPR, and the Rome Statute regarding war crimes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Legal analysis of the attack on Divandarreh and civilian casualties. Examining violations of the Geneva Conventions, ICCPR, and the Rome Statute regarding war crimes.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-24T19:36:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/image_1774379632904.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"667\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3ade6623a70a0a38dba7b18a0fb252ac\"},\"headline\":\"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-24T19:36:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":485,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/image_1774379632904.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Article 6 ICCPR\",\"Civilian Protection\",\"Divandarreh\",\"Geneva Conventions\",\"International Humanitarian Law\",\"Rome Statute\",\"War Crimes\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Report\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/\",\"name\":\"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law - Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/image_1774379632904.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-24T19:36:24+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3ade6623a70a0a38dba7b18a0fb252ac\"},\"description\":\"Legal analysis of the attack on Divandarreh and civilian casualties. Examining violations of the Geneva Conventions, ICCPR, and the Rome Statute regarding war crimes.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/image_1774379632904.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/image_1774379632904.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":667,\"caption\":\"Attack on Divandarreh civilian protection\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/report\\\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3ade6623a70a0a38dba7b18a0fb252ac\",\"name\":\"\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ikhrw.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/modir\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law - Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch","description":"Legal analysis of the attack on Divandarreh and civilian casualties. Examining violations of the Geneva Conventions, ICCPR, and the Rome Statute regarding war crimes.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law","og_description":"Legal analysis of the attack on Divandarreh and civilian casualties. Examining violations of the Geneva Conventions, ICCPR, and the Rome Statute regarding war crimes.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/","og_site_name":"Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch","article_published_time":"2026-03-24T19:36:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1000,"height":667,"url":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/image_1774379632904.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/"},"author":{"name":"\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc","@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3ade6623a70a0a38dba7b18a0fb252ac"},"headline":"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law","datePublished":"2026-03-24T19:36:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/"},"wordCount":485,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/image_1774379632904.jpg","keywords":["Article 6 ICCPR","Civilian Protection","Divandarreh","Geneva Conventions","International Humanitarian Law","Rome Statute","War Crimes"],"articleSection":["Report"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/","name":"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law - Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/image_1774379632904.jpg","datePublished":"2026-03-24T19:36:24+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3ade6623a70a0a38dba7b18a0fb252ac"},"description":"Legal analysis of the attack on Divandarreh and civilian casualties. Examining violations of the Geneva Conventions, ICCPR, and the Rome Statute regarding war crimes.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/image_1774379632904.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/03\/image_1774379632904.jpg","width":1000,"height":667,"caption":"Attack on Divandarreh civilian protection"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/report\/attack-on-divandarreh-civilian-protection-legal-questions\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Attack on Divandarreh: Serious Questions Regarding Civilian Protection and International Law"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/","name":"Iranian Kurdistan Human Rights Watch","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3ade6623a70a0a38dba7b18a0fb252ac","name":"\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc","url":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/author\/modir\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5435"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5533,"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5435\/revisions\/5533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ikhrw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}